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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Reunion (2001)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Reunion (2001)

 Norfolk Island (2005)Reunion (2001)
 Norfolk IslandReunion
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669)

15-64 years:
62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698)

65 years and over:
5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
2,512 sq km

land:
2,502 sq km

water:
10 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate NA 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 million


expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
revenues:
NA

expenditures:
NA
Capital Kingston Saint-Denis
Climate subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline 32 km 207 km
Constitution Norfolk Island Act of 1979 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
conventional long form:
Department of Reunion

conventional short form:
Reunion

local long form:
none

local short form:
Ile de la Reunion

former:
Bourbon Island
Currency - French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate NA 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external NA $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient NA $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 1.023 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
54.55%

hydro:
45.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996)

head of government:
President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) $214 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports - commodities postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - NA purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 02 S, 167 57 E 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated -
Highways total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
total:
2,724 km

paved:
1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)

unpaved:
1,424 km

note:
370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports - commodities NA manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate NA NA%
Industries tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA NA%
International organization participation UPU FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 60 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 1,345 261,000 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law French law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5

note:
Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population:
72.93 years

male:
69.53 years

female:
76.49 years (2001 est.)
Literacy NA definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
76%

female:
80% (1982 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Oceania World
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
6,243 (2001 est.)
National holiday Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Reunionese
Natural hazards typhoons (especially May to July) periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources fish fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate NA 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders none Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 1,828 (July 2005 est.) 732,570 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate -0.01% (2005 est.) 1.57% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 173,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio NA at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: free local calls


international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis

domestic:
modern open wire and microwave radio relay network

international:
radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) 236,500 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) 85,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate NA 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 42.8% (1998)
Waterways - none
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